Computer Networks

Computer Networks important topics:

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1. OSI and TCP/IP Models

• Layers, functions, and protocols associated with each layer.
• Differences between OSI and TCP/IP models.
• Common protocols: HTTP, FTP, SMTP, DNS, etc.

2. Network Topologies

• Star, Bus, Ring, Mesh, and Hybrid topologies.

3. IP Addressing and Subnetting

• IPv4 and IPv6 addressing.
• Classful and Classless addressing (CIDR).
• Subnetting and supernetting.

4. Network Devices

• Functions and uses of routers, switches, hubs, bridges, and gateways.
• Basic concepts of firewalls and load balancers.

5. Transmission Modes

• Simplex, Half-duplex, and Full-duplex communication.
• Differences between unicast, multicast, and broadcast.

6. Data Transmission

• Types of transmission media (wired and wireless).
• Concepts of attenuation, noise, and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR).
• Switching techniques: Circuit switching, Packet switching, and Message switching.

7. Routing Protocols

• Static vs. Dynamic routing
• Key protocols: RIP, OSPF, BGP.
• Concepts of routing tables and shortest path algorithms.

8. Network Security

• Basics of encryption and decryption.
• Firewalls, VPNs, and proxies.
• Security protocols: HTTPS, SSL/TLS, IPsec.

9. Wireless Networks

10. MAC and IP

• Difference between MAC and IP addresses.
• ARP and RARP protocols.

11. Error Detection and Correction

• Parity bits, CRC (Cyclic Redundancy Check), and Hamming code.

12. LAN, WAN, and MAN

• Characteristics and applications of each type.

13. DNS and HTTP

• Role of DNS in domain name resolution.
• HTTP/HTTPS methods (GET, POST, PUT, DELETE).

14. Quality of Service (QoS)

• Bandwidth management techniques.
• Basics of QoS and its importance in networks.

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