Database Management Systems

Key Topics in Database Management Systems (DBMS)

1. Core Concepts
   • DBMS vs. RDBMS: Differences in structure and usage.
   • ACID Properties: Atomicity, Consistency, Isolation, Durability.
   • Database Models: Relational, Hierarchical, Network, Object-Oriented.
2. Keys and Constraints
   • Keys: Primary, Foreign, Candidate, Composite, Super Key.
   • Constraints: NOT NULL, UNIQUE, CHECK, DEFAULT.
3. SQL (Structured Query Language)
   • Commands:
     • DDL: CREATE, ALTER, DROP.
     • DML: SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE.
     • DCL: GRANT, REVOKE.
   • Joins: Inner, Outer (Left/Right/Full), Cross Joins.
   • Subqueries, Aggregate Functions, Group By, Having Clause, Set Operations.
4. Normalization
   • Normal Forms: 1NF, 2NF, 3NF, BCNF.
   • Functional Dependencies and Table Decomposition.
5. Transaction Management
   • Transaction concepts: Commit, Rollback, Savepoint.
   • Concurrency Control: Locks, Deadlock prevention, Isolation levels.
6. Indexing and Optimization
   • Types: Clustered, Non-Clustered Indexes.
   • Concepts: B+ Trees, Hash Indexing.
7. Entity-Relationship Model (ER Model)
   • Elements: Entities, Attributes, Relationships.
8. Database Security
   • User Authentication and Authorization.
   • SQL Injection prevention techniques.
9. Data Warehousing and OLAP
   • OLAP: Roll-up, Drill-down, Slice, and Dice.
   • Basics of Data Warehousing.
10. Backup and Recovery
    • Backup types: Full, Incremental, Differential.
    • Recovery strategies for data protection.

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